If the downstream slope is seeded, a concrete, asphalt, or. Materials for embankment dams united states society on dams. Soil properties for the design material shear wave velocity ms mass density kgm3 poissons ratio angle of internal friction cohesion kpa core 180 1910 0. The incorporation of filter materials assures the stability and safety of embankment dams.
Static stressstrain analyses of embankment dam with asphalt core. Asphaltic concrete has also been used as a membrane on the upstream face of embankment dams. Seismic deformation analysis of a rockfill dam with a. The factors to be considered in the earthquake resistant design of dams are discussed and defensive measures which may be taken to mitigate the effects of these factors are summarized.
Quantification of seismic potential failure modes in concrete dams. Jun, 2008 the paper summarizes the different modes of failure affecting earth dams as a consequence of earthquake shaking. Earthquake damage of buildings and bridges is mainly due to the horizontal earthquake component. Embankment dams can be built on either rock or soil. Two major distinct features and advantages are noticed for the construction of embankment dams.
A case study is presented to illustrate seismic deformation analysis using the alibey earth dam, istanbul, turkey as an example. Nevertheless, if occurring at shallow depth, such an earthquake could be quite damaging and could give rise to peak ground accelerations in excess of 0. A crosssection of an embankment dam shows a shape like a bank, or hill. San fernando earthquake in which slope failures occurred in the upper and lower san fernando dams, both having sand shells seed et al. Static stressstrain analyses of embankment dam with. Asphalt core embankment dams aced why, where and how. Some of the structures built in antiquity were of considerable size. A study of the seismic response of asphaltic concrete used as a. Ucbeerc8510 earthquake engineering research center university ofcalifornia berkeley, california june 1986. The seismic evaluation and design of dams and embankments involves the participation of geologists, seismologists, and geotechnical engineers. Utilisation of asphalt in a core, as compared with a clay core, has the potential to reduce seepage and increase the factor of safety against instability.
An earthfill embankment dam is made by building a foundation wall that is embedded into the rock below the dam to prevent water flowing beneath it and then creating a core of impermeable clay on top of this figure 8. However damage record of dams in earthquake indicates embankment dams are more prone to failure singh 2004. Embankment dams chapter 2 embankment design ds29 6192 1 2. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. The 1st international symposium on rockfill dams 1 introduction and background the first embankment dam with a compacted asphalt concrete core was built in germany in 19611962, and hydropower and dams 20081 provides a listing of asphalt core dams that have been built and are under construction in different countries. David wilson, walo usa damian mueller, walo international ag an update on the chimney hollow hydraulic asphalt core rockfill dam donald montgomery, stantec christine weber, stantec wonnie kim, stantec construction risk management and contingency budget allocation for hydraulic. Missouri university of science and technology scholars mine. Above this the remaining structure is built from earth. Installation of suitable features to prevent piping through earthquake generated seepage cracks. The first experimental research performed on the earthquake resistance of asphalt concrete core. But there was some benefits for designer to use embankment dams with asphalt concrete core, more than 50 years, asphalt concrete is used as a flexible and impermeable layer in dams. Also, the small scale physical models of the asphalt core dam have been tested on centrifuge, under impact loading and response. Pdf asphalt core embankment dams aced are commonly used around. Reclamations earth manual usbr, 1974, 1990 identifies the following.
The ussd committee on materials for embankment dams has prepared this white paper on materials for embankment dams. Crosssection of an embankment dam igc 2009, guntur, india shell ds 160 m 12. The asphalt core embankment dam is gaining in popularity as the advantages of this design become more apparent. However, the current available information does not describe the effect of prolonged contact. Investigation of dynamic behavior of asphalt core dams. The paper provides an outline of important points that need to be recognized and understood when selecting material for use in embankment dams. Embankment dams almost built with all types of the soils, it has more advantage than concrete dame.
Prepared by the ussd committee on materials for embankment dams. The paper summarizes the different modes of failure affecting earth dams as a consequence of earthquake shaking. Effect of water on the triaxial response under monotonic. Earthquakeresistant construction, the fabrication of a building or structure that is able to withstand the sudden ground shaking that is characteristic of earthquakes, thereby minimizing structural damage and human deaths and injuries. Effect of upstream membrane on embankment resistance to sliding. Most have a central section or core composed of an impermeable material to stop water from seeping through the dam. Embankment dams are defined as those constructed primarily of the natural materials of the earth, namely soil and rock. The seismic behaviour of asphaltic concrete core dam under earthquake loads has been studied. Full text pdf 1875k abstracts references27 the seismic behaviour of asphaltic concrete core dam under earthquake loads has been studied. In the case of embankment dams the water load acts normal to the impervious core or the upstream facing. The factors that significantly influence the threedimensional analysis of arch dams are identified. Keywords embankment dam, asphalt concrete core, cutoff, drain and filter.
In the first part, a series of triaxial monotonic and cyclic tests were performed at the. Available information concerning the field performance of dams. Their results show ed that the induced shear strains in the asphalt core are less than 1% during an earthquake with a. Simplified analysis for earthquake resistant design of concrete gravity dams by gregory fenves ani. A riskinformed approach to dam safety, consistent with policies of the. Seismic deformation analysis of a rockfill dam with a bituminous. A summary of recent research results and case studies is presented. Chopra a report on research conducted under grants cee8120308and cee8401439 from the national science foundation report no. Besides, they conclude that the shear modulus of the asphaltic core has no significant influence on the dynamic response of. In 1965, newmark described methods for computing permanent displacements of embankments subjected to earthquake loading, and provided a chart for estimating the upper bounds of permanent displacements on the basis of a sliding black model and four. When the inertia force of earthquake exceeds the yield resistance of a block, movements begin, and when the inertia force changes its direction, movements. The main body of rockfill dams, which should have a structural resistance against failure, consists of rockfill shell.
Jan 23, 2018 embankment dams with asphalt concrete cores have been constructed on practically all continents with satisfactory results. Chapter seismic analysis and design is an existing chapter within design standards no. Earthquake induced deformations of earth dams introduction a possible failure mechanism for an earth dam during an earthquake is the loss of freeboard, and the subsequent overtopping of the dam, caused either by slope failure or settlement of the crest due to strains induced in the dam by seismic inertia forces. Seismic analysis of an embankment dam using different techniques 793 seismic analysis of an embankment dam using. For the asphaltsamconcrete connection behavior the tensile strength is very temperaturedependent and strain rate dependent. Registration desk open hyatt lobby monday, april 20 7. Embankment dams with asphalt concrete cores have been constructed on practically all continents with satisfactory results. Nowadays many advantages, such as the mechanical strength, are known that makes asphalt concrete a competitive alternative for the construction of the impervious elements of dams. It is thus readily recognized that construction of embankment dams is a recent worldwide trend in place of concrete dams. They performed special cyclic triaxial tests on the asphalt concrete samples and concluded that the. Analysis of earthquake response of an asphalt concrete core. However, the current available information does not describe the effect of. Hardly any observational data is available on the dynamic behavior of new types of dams concrete face rockfill dams, asphalt core dams, embankment dams with upstream membranes, rollercompacted concrete rcc dams, etc. However, the need for incorporating good earthquake engineering practices in the design and construction of earth dams and embankments was clearly reiterated by the earthquake experience.
Analysis of earthquake response of an asphalt concrete core embankment dam. With these site conditions only an embankment type dam was considered feasible, and three different options were considered for the design of the impervious barrier. Design and performance of the yele asphaltcore rockfill. The asphalt core itself is a nojoint water barrier in embankment dams and is. Flaring embankment sections at the abutment contacts, xii. A thorough visual inspection of the embankment slopes did not show even local which could be attributed to sudden unstable conditions. Suitable construction methods are required to ensure that proper design objectives for earthquake resistance are met. Dynamic centrifuge model tests on asphaltconcrete core dams.
Investigation of asphalt coreplinth connection in embankment dams. In the first part, a series of triaxial monotonic and cyclic tests were performed at the norwegian geotechnical institute ngis laboratory to determine the geotechnical parameters of. Hoeg k 2005 earthquake resistance of asphalt core embankment dams norwegian geotechnical institute report no 200510311 ancold 1998 guidelines for design of dams for earthquake australian national committee on large dams melbourne australia. Embankments for the storage of water for irrigation, as attested to both by historians and archaeologists, have been used since the early days of civilization. Generally speaking, embankment dams have certain advantages over concrete dams with regard to site topography and economy topography of the site. Behaviour of an asphalt membrane under seismic loading jan 1988. The factors to be considered in the earthquakeresistant design of dams are discussed and defensive measures which may be taken to mitigate the effects of these factors are summarized.
The planning, design, and performance of the yele asphaltcore rockfill dam in sichuan province, china, are presented. Seismic analysis of an embankment dam using different techniques 794 the material properties of the core and shell is listed in table 1. Is18931984 provides some provisions on seismic design of earth dams and embankments. Considerations in the earthquakeresistant design of earth. Asphalt concrete is an impervious and flexible material, resistant to erosion and. Advantages of this kind of dams are lack of crack and appropriate impediment, not being sensitive to different climate conditions, sluicing during construction, selfrepairing capacity of core material, flexibility and deformability, durability and resistance against continuous seepage, relative resistance against earthquake and high security. Several cases of this type of dam have been constructed over the world.
Countries like austria, germany, china and norway, among others, have built many of this type of dam over the last 50 years, and now new countries like brazil and canada are building their first ones. In 1965, newmark described methods for computing permanent displacements of embankments subjected to earthquake loading, and provided a chart for estimating the upper bounds of permanent displacements on the basis of a sliding. Asphalt concrete commonly called asphalt, blacktop, or pavement in north america, and tarmac, bitumen macadam, or rolled asphalt in the united kingdom and the republic of ireland is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, as well as the core of embankment dams. They concluded that the asphalt concrete core behaves safely under low level of earthquake, but in the moderate and severe earthquake levels, cracking of the asphaltic core in the upper part can develop. The design of filter materials and their importance in. Past experience of dams shaken by earthquakes 39 1. Fulltext static stressstrain analyses of embankment dam with asphalt core. Safety aspects of sustainable storage dams and earthquake. Design and performance of the yele asphaltcore rockfill dam. Earthquake induced deformation of earth dams springerlink. Quantification of seismic potential failure modes in. Legacy lecture series legacy of leroy francis harza dean of american hydroelectric engineers, james lindell, stantec.